Vetnews | November 2025 14 « BACK TO CONTENTS Ameliorative Potential of Alcoholic Ginseng Extract on Ibuprofen-Induced Reproductive Toxicity In Male Rats Abstract The therapeutic benefits of ginseng (Panax ginseng) have attracted an abundance of interest. So, this investigation aimed to study the effect of alcoholic Ginseng extract against Ibuprofen-induced reproductive dysfunction in male rats. This investigation was carried out from August 24 to September 26, 2024, in the animal house of Veterinary Medicine College at Tikrit University. Seventy (70) adult, seemingly healthy Albino male rats were acquired from the Veterinary Medicine College’s animal house at Tikrit University. The results showed that the Testosterone and FSH concentrations were normal in all groups and there were no significant differences (P≤0.05) between groups. On the other hand, significant (P≤0.05) differences were found in the concentration of LH, where the highest concentration was in the fourth group, which took Ibuprofen for 30 days (15.493 ± 0.591) compared to the control group (14.556 ± 1.008), while the treated groups did not show significant differences (P≤0.05) compared to the control group. Sperm motility, sperm life, sperm dead, abnormal sperm and Sperm counts in the Ibuprofen (30 days) group and the Ibuprofen (10 days) group showed significant (P≤0.05) differences compared to the control group. The treated groups and the ginseng group showed non-significant (P≤0.05) differences compared to the control group. Coenzyme Q10 activity in the Ibuprofen (10 days) group showed a significant (P≤0.05) elevated compared to the control group. The treated groups and the ginseng group showed non-significant (P≤0.05) differences compared to the control group. The Carnitine levels in all groups showed non-significant (P≤0.05) differences compared to the control group. Histological examination of rats dosed with both dimethyl sulfoxide and ibuprofen for 10 and 30 days revealed some histological changes, including hemolyzed blood vessels, reduced spermatogonia, and decreased sperm count. However, after using ginseng extract to treat and prevent the harmful effects of ibuprofen, it was found that seminiferous tubules contained different stages of spermatogenic development, and most spermatogenic cells were improved. It’s concluded that the alcoholic extract of ginseng roots shows a protective and therapeutic effect on sex hormones and spermatogenesis cells, and improves spermatogenesis. INTRODUCTION Fertility issues have traditionally been treated using herbal treatments. As early as 200 A.D., there is proof that herbal medicines were used to improve both male and female fertility. Special herbs and plant extracts that are thought to benefit the reproductive organs, hormonal system, and sex drive are used to make these herbal fertility medicines. Both men and women who want to improve their chances of getting pregnant take them, as do couples who are having trouble conceiving [1, 2, 3]. Numerous studies have revealed that many victims have tried to enhance their libido, sexual function, and fertility by using herbal remedies like ginseng, maca, or dang gui [4,5]. One typical Eastern Asian plant that is used as a tonic to slow down the aging process is ginseng [6]. Ginseng saponin, which is made up of several ginsenosides, is the main active component of ginseng. As of right now, about 30 ginsenosides have been found [7]. Male infertility can be effectively treated with it. It has been demonstrated to stimulate sexual activity, spermatozoa production, and testicular expansion in animals [8]. In rats, ginseng reduces oxidative stress, which raises antioxidant capacity and decreases lipid peroxidation [9]. Analgesic exposure has been linked to adverse endocrine and reproductive effects in fetuses, according to mounting data in recent years [10]. However, no comprehensive research has examined how mild analgesics affect the human pituitarygonadal axis. Ibuprofen is particularly intriguing in this regard due to its growing popularity among the general public and, in particular, among professional athletes [11]. Because of its extensive usage as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicine (NSAID) and its well-established pharmacological effects on the reproductive and endocrine systems, ibuprofen was included in the analysis [12]. According to new research, ibuprofen may affect male fertility by interfering with the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis, which can result in disorders like compensatory hypogonadism that impair sperm quality and testosterone production [13]. Ibuprofen is a crucial NSAID to research in relation to male reproductive health because of these special effects [14]. so, this investigation was aimed to study the effect of alcoholic Ginseng extract against Ibuprofen induced reproductive dysfunction in male rat. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ibuprofen was obtained from General Company for the Manufacture of Pharmaceuticals and Medical Appliances Samarra Iraq. Panax ginseng roots extraction The roots of Panax ginseng were purchased from the Baghdad, Iraq, market. To get rid of any contaminants, properly wash the ginseng roots in distilled water. After that, thoroughly dry the roots in the shade for five to seven days at room temperature until they are entirely dry. cleaned the dried roots to get rid of any dirt or debris that could have remained. Using a grinder, grind the cleaned roots into a fine powder. 200 milliliters of 99% ethanol were added to a round-bottom flask that contained 20 grams of powdered ginseng roots. To improve extraction efficiency, the mixture was left to stand for 24 to 72 hours while being shaken periodically. Use a filter sieve to separate particles and contaminants from the solution when the soaking time is over. To eliminate the alcohol and concentrate the flavonoids, use a rotary evaporator to concentrate the filtrate at a low temperature of about 40–50°C. After that, the extract was applied to nylon bags and allowed to dry at room temperature. Shelan Abd AlSalam Hamad1 , Siham Agmee Wadee2 , Wasan Sarhan Obaid3 1,2,3Department of Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq sa230019pve@st.tu.edu.iq
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