Vetnews | Julie 2024 26 « BACK TO CONTENTS A review on parasitic diseases as a global problem: a special attention to ticks and tick-borne diseases and adaptation of Rhipicephalus microplus (acari: Ixodidea) on and off host in Africa Nkululeko Nyangiwe Döhne Agricultural Development Institute, Stutterheim, South Africa This review examines the current state of knowledge on ticks and tickborne diseases and the adaptability of R. microplus on and off hosts. Ticks are widely distributed throughout the world, especially so in tropical and subtropical areas. Tick-borne diseases affect around 80% of the world’s cattle population. Globally, ticks and tick-transmitted pathogens cost the cattle industry US$ 22-30 billion annually. In Africa, tick-borne diseases (TBDs) hinder cattle production and are estimated to cost agriculture US$ 160 million, annually. Ticks of the Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) spp are single-host and their life cycle takes around three weeks to complete. The R (Boophilus) species is prevalent in Africa and is represented by the endemic R. decoloratus, indigenous to the continent and the Asiatic invasive tick, R. microplus. These ticks are associated with the build-up of acaricide resistance and R. microplus prefers cattle hosts. Literature on tick distribution, control strategies, TBDs, and adaptation of R. microplus was studied to explore the relationship between ticks and tick-borne diseases. Two pathogenic organisms (Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina) are economically important in tropical and subtropical regions in Africa including South Africa. The two pathogens are transmitting bovine babesiosis in cattle. Climate change appears to be pivotal in the spreading of R. microplus to new areas in several regions of Africa. It is apparent that, where this has occurred, there has been simultaneous supersession of R. decoloratus by R. microplus. The distribution of R. microplus is associated with the outbreaks of Asiatic Redwater in regions where only African Redwater has previously been recorded. The uncontrolled movement of livestock and the buildup of acaricide resistance by the one-host tick complicate control efforts. Together with climatic factors, uncontrolled movements of livestock remain the primary reason for ticks spreading into new regions. Therefore, there is a need for strict veterinary control of the movement of livestock from one area to another. In addition, there is an urgent need to develop alternative and efficient tick control measures, especially for the R. microplus, which tick is rapidly spreading into new territories. The role of comorbidities and other physiological conditions on the burden of foo- borne diseases in rural Eastern Cape, South Africa Nandisa N Ndlame University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa There is a dearth of studies that investigate foodborne diseases in rural South Africa. As a result, factors that are associated with foodborne diseases have not been extensively studied. Establishing the association between FBDs and variables such as immunocompromised status, and non-communicable diseases (NCD). A one-health approach is needed to address the occurrence of FBDs, with the veterinary and medical teams emphasizing the need to put an end to consuming contaminated food. Educational programmes need to emphasize the people with commodities to minimize the burden of FBDs on health care provision in rural South Africa. Epidemiological investigation of infectious bronchial virus and evaluation of the immunological efficacy of a novel IBV vaccine in China from 2021 to 2023 Qi Wu1,2,3,4,5, Mengchang Xu1,4,5, Xuehua Zhang1,2,3, Ding Li1,2,3, Mei Mei1,2,3. Institute of Veterinary Immunology & Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China Avian infectious bronchitis (IB) is a serious and highly contagious disease caused by the infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), which has caused huge economic losses to the chicken industry worldwide. IBV exhibits extensive variability, and differing serotypes are often prevalent in different countries or regions. Its high mutation ability has resulted in numerous variants against which the commercially available live or recombinant vaccines only offer limited protection. To gain more insight into the molecular epidemiology of IBV in southeast China, 502 chicken tissue samples were gathered from various parts of the region from March 2021 to June 2023. Events I WVAC 2024
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