December 2023 23 Pulsed electromagnetic field therapy Sullivan et al. (2013) Randomised, blinded, controlled clinical trial Dogs with OA in differing joints • Control group (rested) • PEMT group 59 42 days CMI: CBPI Objective: goniometry, force-plate gait analysis PEMT group had lower CBPI scores than the control group at assessment timepoints at 11 and 42 days II Pinna et al. (2013) Randomised, blinded, controlled trial Dogs with OA in differing joints • Firocoxib • PEMT 40 Up to 12 months Subjective: veterinary examinations, owner questionnaire Outcomes with the PEMF group were not less than the control group II Extracorporeal shockwave therapy Dahlberg et al. (2005) Randomised controlled trial Dogs with stifle OA • Control (no treatment) • ESWT 12 16 weeks Subjective: owner questionnaire Objective: force-plate gait analysis, goniometry Four of seven treated dogs had improved PVF compared to one of five control dogs Trend towards increased ROM in stifle joints of treated dogs No differences in owner assessments II Mueller et al. (2007) Randomised controlled trial Dogs with hip OA • ESWT • Untreated control 24 3 months Objective: forceplace gait analysis Improved PVF and PI in treated group, but not significantly different to control II Millis et al. (2011)† Randomised control trial Dogs with elbow OA • ESWT • Untreated control 15 28 days Subjective: veterinary assessment Objective: kinetic gait analysis ESWT led to significant improvements compared to control in all outcomes II Souza et al. (2016) Randomised blinded controlled trial Dogs with HD • ESWT • Untreated control 30 90 days Subjective: veterinary assessment VAS, owner questionnaire Objective: forceplate gait analysis Improved outcomes in all outcome measures in treated compared to non-treated limbs II Therapeutic ultrasound Muste et al. (2015) Prospective clinical study Dogs with stifle OA 8 3 months Subjective: veterinary assessment Objective: goniometry Improvement in subjective outcomes with therapeutic ultrasound. Low sample size III Physiotherapy including transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation Mlacnik et al. (2006) Non-blinded prospective randomised clinical trial Dogs with OA in various joints • Caloric restriction and intensive physical therapy including TENS • Caloric restriction and home-based physical therapy 29 6 months Subjective: subjective lameness and pain scores (0 to 4) Objective: kinetic gait analysis Significant improvement in kinetic gait analysis in both groups at end of study, but changes happened more quickly in dogs receiving intensive physical therapy and TENS III Type of therapeutic modality investigated Author and year Study type Groups Sample size Study length Outcome measures Conclusions Evidence level (Aragon & Budsberg 2005) Tabel 4 continued Leading Article >>> 24
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