Vetnuus | Desember 2023 16 « BACK TO CONTENTS Avocado and soybean unsaponifiables Boileau et al. (2009) Double-blind, randomised placebocontrolled pilot study Placebo Avocado/ soybean unsaponifiables (10 mg/ kg per day) 16 dogs 8 weeks Objective: macroscopic and histomorphological analyses of cartilage and subchondral bone of the femoral condyles and/ or tibial plateaus, and immunohistochemical Treatment with avocado/soybean unsaponifiables can reduce the development of early osteoarthritic cartilage and subchondral bone lesions in the anterior cruciate ligament dog model of osteoarthritis II S-adenosyl l-methionine (SAMe) Imhoff et al. (2011) Double-blind, randomised placebocontrolled study Placebo SAMe 33 dogs 6 weeks Subjective: veterinary assessment and CBPI Objective: force plate analysis(PVF and VI), goniometry Data do not support the use of SAMe as an effective standalone treatment for reducing clinical signs of OA II NRS Numerical rating scale, VAS Visual analogue scale, PVF Peak vertical force, VI Vertical impulse, CMI Clinical metrology instrument, LOAD Liverpool Osteoarthritis in Dogs questionnaire, CBPI Canine Brief Pain Inventory, HCPI Helsinki chronic pain index, OA osteoarthritis, CSOM client-specific outcome measure Collagen The undenatured form of type II collagen (UC-II) is a nutraceutical derived from the cartilage of chicken sternum (Bagi et al. 2017) and has recently been shown to prevent the increase of pro-inflammatory and cartilage degeneration biomarkers in Labrador retrievers (Varney et al. 2022). Previous research has shown that UC-II has greater efficacy compared to other supplements such as glucosamine-hydrochloride and chondroitin-sulphate (Gupta et al. 2012). A similar study highlighted the beneficial effects of UC-II; Deparle et al. (2005) found that daily treatment of arthritic dogs with undenatured type-II collagen reduced OA signs with the greatest physical improvements noted following a 90-day treatment. Stabile et al. (2019) also noted a clinical improvement in OA dogs treated with UC-II similar to those treated with robena coxib after 30 days. There are no approved dosages of UC-II, although 440 mg of UC-II daily improved clinical signs without adverse effects (D’altilio et al. 2007). UC-II has been found to be non-toxic (Marone et al. 2010) and has no known adverse effects in the liver or kidneys. However, more work is required to identify the objective effectiveness of UC-II as caregiver bias can influence the results of many subjective studies (Conzemius & Evans 2012). Glucosamine hydrochloride and chondroitin sulphate Glucosamine and chondroitin are amino saccharides which have anti-inflammatory and anti-catabolic effects in vitro (Henrotin & Lambert 2013). In humans, glucosamine is available in several dosage forms (Bhathal et al. 2017), however, there is variable efficacy due to inconsistent dosages and poor oral bioavailability (Altman 2009, Sawitzke et al. 2010). There are multiple manufactured glucosamine and chondroitin products, all with varying strengths and formulations. Based on current literature, the beneficial effects of glucosamine and chondroitin in the treatment of canine OA can neither be confirmed or denied as clinical trials have had mixed results. McCarthy et al. (2007) found dogs consuming glucosamine/chondroitin had statistically significant Current evidence for non-pharmaceutical, non-surgical treatments of canine osteoarthritis <<< 15 Nutraceutical category investigated Nutraceutical compound investigated Author Study type Groups Sample size Study length Outcome measures Conclusions Evidence level (Aragon & Budsberg 2005) Tabel 2 continued
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