November 2023 19 VACCINES HTTPS://WWW.WSAVA.ORG/GUIDE LINES/ VACCI NATIO N-GUIDE LINES Core List Core vaccines are those that all dogs and cats should receive, after considering the geographical areas in which they live or to which they travel. Recommended vaccination schedules for puppies and kittens, and for adult dogs and cats, as well as for animals living in shelters and other group-housing situations, can be found in the WSAVA Vaccination Guidelines (The WSAVA Vaccination Guidelines relate to the use of companion animal vaccines of validated high quality that are produced by major global manufacturers. The Guidelines do not apply to regionally produced products of less certain quality. An issue facing veterinarians in many parts of the world is a limited range of available vaccines. In many countries, there is only access to multicomponent products including up to 12 different antigens (mixed core, non-core and not recommended vaccine components). This limits the ability of veterinarians to provide optimised, individualised patient care). All veterinary practices should develop a core vaccination programme for the dogs and cats under their care. Guidance on how to do this can be found in the WSAVA Vaccination Guidelines and, for some countries, in various evidence-based national and regional guidelines. Dogs: Core vaccines for dogs, in all parts of the world, are those that protect against canine distemper virus (CDV), canine adenovirus (CAV) and canine parvovirus-2 (CPV). Wherever canine rabies is endemic, rabies vaccines should also be considered core for dogs. In many parts of the world, canine leptospirosis is endemic. In these places, if suitable vaccines are available to protect dogs against leptospirosis, these should also be considered core. Cats: Core vaccines for cats, in all parts of the world, are those that protect against feline parvovirus (FPV) (feline panleukopenia virus), feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV) and feline calicivirus (FCV). Wherever feline rabies is endemic, rabies vaccines should also be considered core for cats. In many parts of the world, feline leukaemia virus (FeLV)-related diseases are endemic. In these places, FeLV vaccines should be considered core for young cats (<1 year of age) and for adult cats with outdoor access or that live with other cats that have outdoor access. Complementary List: Complementary essential medicines are defined in this Essential Medicines List as those that require a measure of specialist input related to their use. None of the prophylactic vaccines described here require specialist input. So, strictly speaking, the complementary list should be empty. However, thoughtful, well informed selection of which non-core vaccines to recommend is required and this relies on specialised local knowledge. Therefore, the “non-core” vaccines are listed here as “complementary.” Selection of which non-core vaccines to recommend for a particular dog or cat should be based on knowledge of the local prevalence of relevant infectious diseases and on knowledge of the lifestyle and consequent exposure risks of that individual animal. Non-core vaccines can be as important as core vaccines, depending on local risk factors. Non-core vaccines should ideally be available as monovalent or limited component products that can be selected for appropriate use in individual animals. In many countries, such optimised products are unavailable. Dogs: Vaccines not already mentioned that might be recommended to protect dogs with particular lifestyles and in particular regions of the world include: The WSAVA Vaccination Guidelines do not recommend the use of canine enteric coronavirus vaccine or Giardia vaccine. Cats: Vaccines not already mentioned that might be recommended to protect cats with particular lifestyles and in particular regions of the world include: For the full article and references please see https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jsap.13673 v • Bordetella bronchiseptica vaccines (for parenteral, intranasal or oral application; availability differs between regions) • Canine parainfluenza virus vaccines (for parenteral, intranasal or oral application; sometimes in combination with Bordetella bronchiseptica; availability differs between regions) • Borrelia vaccines (mostly North America and Europe) • Leishmania vaccines (Europe and Latin America) • Babesia vaccine (Africa and Europe) • Canine influenza virus vaccines (North America) • Feline immunodeficiency virus vaccine (Japan, Australia and New Zealand) • Chlamydia felis vaccines • Bordetella bronchiseptica vaccine The WSAVA Vaccination Guidelines do not recommend the use of feline infectious peritonitis vaccine or vaccines against dermatophytosis. Leading Article
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