Vetnuus | November 2023 12 « BACK TO CONTENTS Complementary List 1) Chloramphenicol This bacteriostatic antimicrobial has a broad-spectrum activity against Gram-positive, Gram-negative and obligate anaerobic bacteria. It is suitable for treatment of intraocular and CNS infections. Due to concerns of resistance development, its use should be restricted to animals with infections resistant to other antimicrobials [available in injectable, oral and topical (ophthalmic) formulations]. Topical administration Core List 1) Chlorhexidine gluconate This biguanide antiseptic is available in different forms (e.g. shampoos, sprays and ointments) for a variety of indications, including but not limited to otitis externa, gingivitis, periodontal disease, superficial skin infections, topical disinfection of wounds and perioperative skin antisepsis. 2) Enrofloxacin or marbofloxacin These fluoroquinolones are the first choices for treatment of otitis media and a valid alternative to aminoglycosides for management of otitis externa caused by Gram-negative bacteria. 3) Fusidic acid This fusidane is the first choice for management of otitis, eye and localised skin and wound infections associated with Staphylococci. 4) Florfenicol An increasingly used antibacterial agent for the management of staphylococcal otitis, usually as part of a combination product that includes antifungal and corticosteroid drugs. 5) Gentamicin or neomycin These aminoglycosides are the first choices for management of otitis externa caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other Gram-negative bacteria. 6) Polymyxin B This polypeptide is a useful alternative to aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones for management of otitis externa caused by Gram-negative bacteria. It is often used in combination with miconazole, an antifungal agent with antibacterial activity. 7) Povidone-iodine This iodophor antiseptic is widely used as an alternative of chlorhexidine gluconate for perioperative skin antisepsis, postoperative application to surgical incisions and emergency antisepsis in patients with minor lacerations, abrasions and burns. Antifungal drugs Core list 1) Agents for the treatment of dermatophyte infections. Azole antifungal drugs lead to depletion of lanosterol, the primary sterol of the fungal cell wall, by inhibiting cytochrome P450-dependent lanosterol C14-demethylase. Drugs include miconazole, fluconazole, econazole, itraconazole, clotrimazole and enilconazole. 2) Terbinafine An allylamine fungicidal agent that inhibits fungal squalene epoxidase to interrupt synthesis of ergosterol. Complementary list 1) Amphotericin B This drug binds to fungal cell membrane ergosterol leading to increased permeability and intracellular cation loss. Amphotericin B has poor oral availability and is administered iv. Antifungal activity is highly dependent on the formulation administered. Antiparasitic drugs Core list (It is acknowledged that the spectrum of these medicines may overlap and not every medicine might be available for the treatment of ecto and endoparasites.) VACCINATION BOOKS The LAST ORDERS for 2023 for vaccination books will be 30 November. No orders will be accepted after this – this is to ensure that stock will be dispatched by 15 December 2023. Orders for 2024 will resume on 16 January. To order/for more information contact Debbie Breeze on 012 346 1150 or debbie@sava.co.za Leading Article
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