VN July 2023

Vetnews | Julie 2023 35 Technical I Article  Large cysts may cause abdominal enlargement and dyspnoea (through compression of the air sacs). o Diagnosis  Ultrasound  Endoscopy  Exploratory coeliotomy o Treatment  Aspiration, either blindly or ultrasound guided through the abdominal wall  Endoscopic aspiration  Surgical aspiration  Ovariectomy (partial or complete) is difficult to achieve successfully because of the complex vascularity of the ovary. It should not be attempted without good magnification e.g. an operating microscope • Hormonal therapy. GnRH Agonist Deslorelin (Suprelorin 4.7mg implant), Leuprolide acetate and Human Chorionic Gonadotropin have been suggested to reduce or resolve ovarian cysts in birds and offer a non-invasive treatment option. This is, however, assuming that the cysts are primary in origin, and are not secondary to other disease processes (neoplasia, oophoritis) • Neoplasia o Type  Granulosa cell tumours  Ovarian carcinomas  Dysgerminoma  Arrhenoblastoma  Teratoma o Clinical signs  If small, there may be no clinical signs  Large tumours may cause abdominal enlargement and dyspnoea (through compression of the air sacs).  Egg retention and oviductal impaction  Granulosa cell tumours (and possibly other reproductive tract tumours) may be functional and cause increased plasma hormone levels. This can result in hormonal changes e.g. polyostotic (medullary) hyperostosis o Diagnosis  Ultrasound and radiology  Endoscopic or surgical biopsy o Treatment  Partial or complete ovariectomy  Adjuvant chemotherapy  Radiation therapy  May respond to GnRH Agonist Deslorelin (Suprelorin 4.7mg implant) o Prognosis is guarded The oviduct • Congenital abnormalities o Atresia, segmental aplasia, congenital cysts o Usually presented for either infertility investigation, yolk-related peritonitis (see below) or salpingitis (see below) • Cystic hyperplasia o Grossly visible cysts containing clear or cloudy fluid >>> 36